Orobanche kotschyi
Orobanche kotschyi REUT. in DC., Prodr. 11: 33. 1847; G. BECK, Monogr. Orob. 146. 1890; G. BECK, Pflanzenr. IV (261) 96: 129. 1930; NOVOPOKR. et TZVEL., Fl. SSSR 23: 83. 1958; ZHANG, Fl. Sin. 69: 117. 1990; TERYOKHIN et FILIMONOVA, Opred. Rast. Sredn. Azii 10: 60. 1993; GRUBOV et al., Rast. Centr. Azii 15: 21. 2006
Synonyms:
- Orobanche xanthostachya NOVOPOKROVSKIJ, Not. Syst. Herb. Inst. Bot. Acad. Sci. URSS 13: 321. 1950
Vernacular names:
- yi tong lie dang [chinese]
- заразиха Кочи [russian]
Description: - Herbs biennial or perennial, 30-60 cm tall, densely white villous. Stems erect. Leaves lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm × ca. 5 mm, upper ones densely white villous. Inflorescences spicate, 10-20 cm; bract lanceolate, 1.5-2 cm, apex acuminate, along with calyx densely white villous; bractlets absent. Calyx 1-1.2 cm, 2-parted to base; segments 2-lobed halfway; lobes linear-lanceolate, 5-7 mm. Corolla pale yellow or ?blue-purple, 2-2.5 cm; tube slightly enlarged, middle part distinctly constricted, enlarged and strongly curved upward, sparsely pubescent abaxially, glabrescent adaxially; upper lip entire or emarginate; lobes elliptic, subequal, margin sinuate or dentate. Filaments 1-1.2 cm, base pubescent; anthers oblong, 1.8-2 mm, densely white villous. Ovary oblong-ellipsoid. Style 1.2-1.4 cm, sparsely pubescent or glabrous; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule oblong, 1-1.4 cm. Seeds ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.3-0.5 mm. Zhang and Tzvelev, 1998 (p. 236)
Lower taxa:
| 1. | Calyx segments deep 2-toothed, teeth narrow, acuminate and to the apex almost filiform, longer than the constricted part of the corolla tube. | 2. |
| - | Calyx segments various but mostly to their middle 2-toothed or entire, as long as the constricted part of the corolla tube. Flowers 20-22 mm long. | Orobanche kotschyi var. multiplex |
| 2. | Flowers 16-30 mm long. Filaments 8-10 mm above base of corolla tube inserted. | 3. |
| - | Flowers 30-35 mm long. Filaments 12-16 mm above base of corolla tube inserted. | Orobanche gigantea |
| 3. | Corolla pale below, brownish above. | Orobanche kotschyi var. typica |
| - | Corolla to the seam pale violet. | Orobanche spectabilis |
Ic.: Beck, 1890 (tab. II fig. 35 (1) - flower) Beck, 1930 (p. 113 fig. 13 D) Zhang, 1990 (p. 119 fig. 6-8) Jafri, 1976 (p. 17 fig. 4 E-F)
Biology: - Fl. 5-7., fr. 7-9. Skeleton, grained, rocky-cobble slopes; shrubs/shibliak; gypsum, red sand, ca. 600 m (China) to 2100 - 2600 m (Central Asia). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) Zhang and Tzvelev, 1998 (p. 236)
Host plants:
- Prangos Lindl. (Apiac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) Orasova, 1965 (p. 163) Vvedenskij et al., 1962 (p. 246) Butkov, 1961 (p. 522)
- Prangos pabularia Lindl. (Apiac.) sec. O. Antonov in Novopokrovskij, 1950b (p. 322)
- Ferula L. (Apiac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) Orasova, 1965 (p. 163) Vvedenskij et al., 1962 (p. 246) Butkov, 1961 (p. 522)
- Ferula gummosa Boiss. (Apiac.) sec. Novopokrovskij, 1954 (p. 303)
- Ferula schlechtendalii Boiss. (Apiac.) sec. J. A. Knapp 1884 WU et in Beck, 1930 (p. 130)
- Artemisia L. (Asterac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456)
- Cousinia umbrosa Bunge (Asterac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456)
- Salsola montana Litv. (Chenopodiac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456)
- Salvia L. (Lamiac.) sec. Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456)
- Spiraea L. (Rosac.) sec. Orasova, 1965 (p. 163)
- Zosima Hoffm. (Apiac.) sec. Vvedenskij et al., 1962 (p. 246) Novopokrovskij and Tzvelev, 1958 (p. 84)
- Eryngium L. (Apiac.) sec. Zhang, 1990 (p. 118) Tzvelev, 1957 (p. 575) J. A. Knapp in Beck, 1930 (p. 130)
General distribution: E Transcaucasus (ARM?), Middle Asia [Pamiro-Alai (Alajskij and Gissarskij chrebty), W Tian-shan (Kuraminskij and Ferganskij Chrebty), Kopet-dag (SW, Central, Kjurendag)], IRN (mts.), AFG, PAK, W CHN.
Examined specimen: - IRN: - "Plantae Gaubaenae Iranicae: Persia bor.: Elburs, Abhänge in Tal des Keredj-Flusses, 1700 m," D. E. Gauba 29.06.1935 B 736, det. Bornmüller, Beck. - "Persica austro-occid.: mt. Sawers ad Umbellifer., 12.000', C. Haussknecht 07.1868 JE s.n. (fl. pallide flava)." - Kermanschah, ad Dschamnasu (12 F. s.ö. v. Kerm.), Th. Strauss (Plantae a Th. Strauss in Persia occid. lectae) 13.05.1904 JE s.n., det. J. Bornmüller (forma sehr üppig)." - Persia: Sez in lapidosis, auf Ferula schlechtendahlii, J. A. Knapp 08.07.1884 WU s.n. - NW-Persia: in monte Karnaru lapidosis, J. A. Knapp 12.06.1884 WU s.n., det. Beck.
Further cited locations:
TKM: - Tschuli, Gaudan, Chejrabad, Firjusa, Asel'ma. Novopokrovskij, 1954 (p. 303) - Kjurendag, SW Kopet-dag, Central Kopet-dag. Nikitin and Geldichanov, 1988 (p. 540) - North edge of Kara-Kala (38.33 N 56.43 E), E. Teryokhin 13.05.1982 LE 212. Teryokhin et al., 1993 (p. 100) - Southern foothills of Chrebty Kugitang, vill. Kelif (37.21 N 66.17 E), 350-400 m, E. Teryokhin 26.05.1983 LE s.n. Teryokhin et al., 1993 (p. 100) - Central Kopetdag: Gokdere, Dushakerekdag (= Cheirabad). Nat. Res. Asel'ma, Dugridora, Arčibil. Protection zone: Gaudan. Kamakhina, 2005 (p. 209)
TJK: - Seravshan B: - At Kischlak Schink (Komarov). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Seravshan V: - Valley of river Jagnob (O. Knorring). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Between the Kischlaks Rars and Pachurd (Jegorova). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Pastif gorge (Abdusaljamova & Rjabkova). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Giss.-Darv. A: - Kondara gorge (Pissjaukova, Kamelin). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Tract Kvak (Pojarkova & Varivzeva; Kamelin). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Tract Sijo-Kuch (Kotschkareva & al.). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Takob gorge (Agn. Tschukavina & Aschirmuchamedov; Konnov & Schimunova). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Jushn.-Tajik. A: - Chrebty Gardani-Uschti mts. (Prjachin; Nepli). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - Jushn.-Tajik. B: - Mt. Chodscha-Maston (Junussov & Badritdinova; Metschislavskij & Savedejev). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 456) - At Kischlak Sangtuda (V. Saprjagaeva). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - At Kischlak Tutkaul (Junussov). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Jushn.-Tajik. G: - Saraj (actually vill. Pjandsch) (Regel). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Mt. Chodscha-Mumin (Junussov). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Chrebty Tabaktschi mts. (Mitjakin). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Chrebty Terekli-tau mts. (K. Popov & Krasil'nikov). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Vost.-Tajik. A: - Valley of river Kara-Schura (Grigorjev). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Sap.-Pam. B: - In vicinity of Chorog (Tuturin & Besedin). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) Ikonnikov and Czerepanov, 1979 (p. 314) - Valley of river Schachdara (Kurbanbekov). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) - Sap.-Pam. V: - Kischlak Anderob (Korshinskij). Ovczinnikov and Kotschkareva, 1986 (p. 457) Ikonnikov and Czerepanov, 1979 (p. 314) - Gorge of river Varsob, on slopes, E. Teryokhin 03.06.1983 LE s.n. Teryokhin et al., 1993 (p. 100)
KAZ: - W Tian-shan. Orasova, 1965 (p. 163)
KGZ: - Central Tian-shan (elevation Togus-Toro), Ferganskij and Alajskij Chrebty. Vvedenskij et al., 1962 (p. 246) - Alaijskij Chrebet mts., basin of the river Sokh, near settlement Sogment, on Prangos, phot. Georgij Lazkov 08.06.2012 on Plantarium photo 1 photo 2
UZB: - Tashkentskaja, Ferganskaja, Samarkandskaja and Surchan-Darynskaja Oblast. Butkov, 1961 (p. 522)
CHN: - N Xinijang. Zhang and Tzvelev, 1998 (p. 236) Zhang, 1988 (p. 399) Grubov et al., 2006 (p. 21)
PAK: - A-7 Chitral distr.: Chitral Gol, W Chitral, ca. 10.000 ft. (2700 m), Stainton s.a. BM 2677. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) Stewart, 1972 (p. 672) Jafri, 1976 (p. 19) - D-4 Quetta distr.: Hanna, M. A. Siddiqui & Y. Nasir 09.06.1965 RAW 3481. Jafri, 1976 (p. 19)
IRN: - C: Qazvin: Elburs, in valle fluvii Karaj ("Abhänge im Tal des Keredj-Flusses"), 1700 m, Gauba 29.06.1935 no. 736. Bornmüller and Gauba, 1937 (p. 336) Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - W: Kermansh.: in ditionis fluvii Saïmerre valle Dsham-nasu (Jam-tueh, Dscham-Tueh), Strauss 13.05.1904. Bornmüller, 1911 (p. 482) Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - W: Arak (Sultanabad): Rasvand, in neglectis, Strauss 07.1890 and 15.06.1892. Bornmüller, 1907 (p. 116) Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15 - belong to Orobanche spectabilis) - W: Luristan: alpine range of Kuh Sawers, 4000 m (12.000'), Haussknecht. Boissier, 1879 (p. 514) Beck, 1890 (p. 147) Beck, 1930 (p. 130) Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - W: Luristan: M. Paris, 2300 m, Koelz 15898. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - W: Luristan: Gahar, 2300 m, Koelz 17861. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15)
IRQ: - Kurdistan: M. Avroman prope Tawilla, 1800 m, Rech. 10325. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15)
AFG: - E: Kabul: In valle Paghman prope Kabul, 2300-2800 m, Rech. 17120. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - C: Bamian: 15 km W Doab, Hedge & Wendelbo 3428. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15) - Without details, Aitch. 333. Schiman-Czeika, 1964 (p. 15)
Needs confirmation: - The citation of the occurrence in ARM (turkish or armenian part?) by various authors needs confirmation. Not cited in Zaturjan and Grigorjan, 1987. According to Tzvelev, 1957 (p. 575) there is a possibility that Orobanche kotschyi grows on the territory of AZE, but needs also confirmation. - SYR/LBN: The author determinated a photo from mt. Hermon (Anti-Lebanon mts., phot. by Ori Fragman - see above) as O. kotschyi.
